Technical Opinions on Flood Resistant Remediation and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Autumn Grain Released

Since the end of June, there have been many strongest rainfall processes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with wide coverage, large process rainfall, and strong short-term rainfall. Many places have suffered from floods of varying degrees, and crops in some areas have been severely affected. At present, the rainfall in the south is still continuing, the north has entered a critical period of flood control, and the situation of autumn grain production is not optimistic. According to the forecast of the Meteorological Department, the overall deviation of my country's climate from July to August, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Huaihe River, the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the Liaohe River Basin may have severe floods. At the same time, floods and droughts may also occur, which is extremely unfavorable to autumn grain production. In view of the current meteorological conditions and the growth of autumn grain, we should focus on flood prevention and drainage, drought prevention and seedling protection, high temperature and heat damage, low temperature and cold damage, and disease prevention of Cordyceps sinensis. We should do a good job in disaster prevention and control, strengthen field management, promote the transformation of seedling conditions, and set up a high-yield shelf.

1. flood control and drainage

Grab drainage, quickly disperse moisture, early remedy, promote recovery, strengthen the management of waterlogged fields.

The first is to rush to drain the water and remove the water and soil moisture. For low-lying waterlogged plots, rush to repair damaged farmland, quickly dredge ditches, rush to drain accumulated water in the fields, shovel and scatter soil moisture, and apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to promote the recovery and growth of roots and plants, and prevent premature aging caused by accumulated water.

The second is to wash the seedlings and restore growth. For fields with accumulated water, it is necessary to drain water and wash seedlings at the same time, so as to help seedlings and restore them early. Combined with drainage or splashing water to wash seedlings, remove rotten leaves and yellow leaves. After water withdrawal, timely righting plants to promote the recovery of growth.

Three is to strengthen the field tube, promote seedling transformation. For waterlogging fields, top dressing should be fast, with complete nutrients and sufficient quantity, so as to raise roots and protect leaves. Timely intertillage and hoeing, break the hardening, improve soil permeability, protect the root system, and take into account weeding.

The fourth is to replant at the right time to reduce losses. For the rice fields in the south that have lost harvest due to the disaster, it is necessary to change to late rice or use early rice for autumn. For areas with tight seasons, crops such as beans and potatoes with short growth periods can be changed to achieve large-season losses and small-season supplements.

2. drought prevention and seedling protection

We should not only fight drought and protect seedlings in drought-stricken areas, but also prevent the rapid turn of floods and droughts in flood-stricken areas to cope with summer drought and autumn drought.

The first is to replenish water and create moisture to alleviate drought. Highlight the key points and give priority to ensuring water for production in hybrid seed fields and breeding fields. Promote water-saving technologies such as pipeline water delivery, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and integration of water and fertilizer, and increase the area of protected irrigation. After irrigation, timely shallow intertillage, cut off the soil surface capillary, reduce soil moisture evaporation.

The second is to take advantage of the soil moisture to promote growth. For the late drought corn in the north, make full use of rainfall and irrigation, timely application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, deep application of ditching and soil covering, to prevent high temperature fertilizer damage, and promote grain filling.

The third is to strengthen the field management, reduce consumption and loss. For drought-affected maize, measures such as placing autumn ridges, pulling large grasses, cutting empty plants, and backing leaves are taken to promote ventilation and light transmission, reduce disease infection, and reduce water and nutrient consumption. For heavy drought corn, early harvest of corn stalks for silage yellow storage, used as livestock feed.

3. protection against high temperature and heat damage

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should strengthen the management of paddy fields and effectively prevent high temperature and heat damage.

One is deep-water irrigation, with water temperature adjustment. For rice at the booting and heading stage, if it encounters a high temperature above 35 ℃, it will affect the pollination and seed setting rate. Can take deep water (more than 10cm) irrigation, water temperature, reduce the ear layer temperature.

Two is foliar fertilizer, chemical regulation. Spraying foliar fertilizers such as phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and plant growth regulators in a timely manner can enhance plant resistance, promote grain filling, increase grain weight, and reduce the impact of high temperature and heat damage.

Prevention of low temperature and cold damage by 4.

The north to prevent early frost, the south to prevent the cold dew wind, to deal with low temperature chilling injury.

One is scientific field tube, promote precocious. Timely spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizer, water soluble fertilizer, quickly supplement nutrients, enhance plant cold resistance. Rice shallow water irrigation, improve the water temperature, prevent late maturity, increase yield, improve quality.

The second is to irrigate water to create moisture and adjust temperature with water. Late ripening rice can be irrigated to prevent frost, irrigation at night and drainage during the day to keep the field moist. In addition, before the early frost and cold dew wind come, low-lying blocks can be placed at the upper air outlet to prevent frost.

Three is appropriate late collection. Once the occurrence of early frost, do not rush to take off, timely delay the harvest, appropriate to extend the ripening growth time, give full play to the role of rhizome storage nutrients to the grain transmission, improve yield and quality.

5. disease prevention Cordyceps

Strengthen monitoring and forecasting, promote unified prevention and control, and reduce the harm of diseases and pests.

One is the prevention and control of "two insects and two diseases" in the southern rice area ". Focus on the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests such as rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, rice blast and sheath blight, and strive to move the pass forward, early prevention, and classification guidance.

The second is the prevention and control of "one insect and one disease" in the northeast of North China ". Focus on the prevention and control of corn borer to ensure that no major harm occurs. Pay close attention to the occurrence of potato late blight, do a good job of forecasting and prevention.

Third, the northwest and southwest focus on the control of quarantine pests. For rice water weevil, apple moth, potato beetle and other epidemics, interception prevention and control and joint prevention and control are implemented to prevent the spread of the epidemic and cause serious losses.