Technical Guidance for Early Rice Planting and Transplanting in Southern China in 2016

Abstract:

At present, sowing, seedling raising and transplanting of early rice in the south have been carried out from south to north. Affected by the low temperature and rainy weather in the early stage, the overall progress of early rice planting and seedling raising this year is slow, and the quality of seedlings in some areas is weak. In view of the current climate characteristics and seedling quality, highlight the key links such as cold resistance and heat preservation, fertilizer and water promotion and control, and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, focus on cultivating strong seedlings, and timely insert and insert them well, so as to lay the foundation for protecting the area, stabilizing the yield and improving the quality of early rice in the south. The following technical guidance is proposed.

1. preferred seed, seed treatment.According to the ecological conditions and transplanting methods, early rice varieties with high yield, high quality, strong resistance and wide adaptability were selected. Before sowing, do a good job of drying seeds, seed selection, soaking seeds, disinfection, germination, to prevent the occurrence of bad seedling disease. Where conditions permit, the use of factory, large (medium) sheds, film cover, heat preservation and seedling raising is advocated.

2. because of heaven and land, timely sowing.When the average temperature of the day is stable through 12 ℃, avoid rainy weather, and select early rice varieties with suitable growth period for sowing. To seize the opportunity of "cold tail warm head", early rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River strive to complete sowing around Qingming Festival.

3. with water temperature, cold and antifreeze.Recently, the temperature fluctuates greatly in some parts of the south, which is not good for early rice spring sowing and cultivating strong seedlings. Cold prevention work should be strengthened for the sown seedling fields. For those that have not been covered with ground film, plastic film should be covered in time. At the same time, scientific irrigation and drainage methods such as "night irrigation and daily drainage" and "sunny drainage and rain irrigation" should be adopted to adjust the water and heat conditions of the seedling fields and prevent rotten seeds and seedlings.

4. scientific regulation and control, cultivate strong seedlings.During seedling raising, both ends of the film shall be removed and ventilated at the same time to prevent diseases. In case of continuous sunny and high temperature (≥ 35 ℃ in the film), the film shall be removed for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature. If the weather suddenly turns clear from continuous rain, do not suddenly uncover the film, blindly apply urea and other quick-acting fertilizers, first ventilate the seedlings and then uncover the film, and sprinkle or irrigate the seedling bed. One leaf and one heart stage should be kept warm and strong to prevent excessive growth, and attention should be paid to prevent the occurrence of cotton rot and blight. Ventilate seedlings at 2 leaves and 1 heart stage, increase fertilizer and promote tillers, and cultivate strong seedlings. The 3-leaf 1 heart stage shall be covered by day and night, and 1%-2% urea solution shall be applied with "marriage fertilizer" 5-7 days before transplanting, generally, 4-5kg of urea is applied to mu of seedling field. For weak seedlings, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to maintain water balance and promote the recovery of growth. In case of "late spring cold", we should pay attention to the integrity of heat preservation facilities, adjust the temperature with water in time, maintain the field temperature, and prevent the dead seedlings from rotting.

5. classification guidance, timely transplanting.The average temperature of the day was stable through 15 ℃, and the transplanting was completed before and after Qingming Festival in South China. For machine-transplanted fields, the quality of tillage and whole fields should be improved. Before transplanting, the fields should be solid, timely and early transplanting should be achieved, and the density should be appropriately increased. The seedling age is generally about 20 days, and a transplanter with 25cm row spacing should be selected to avoid the extension of the slow seedling period caused by excessive seedling age, and more than 20000 holes per mu should be planted. The planting density should be ensured and the uniformity should be improved. The seedling age is generally 25-30 days, 20000-25000 holes are planted in high-yield fields per mu, 2-3 seedlings per hole for hybrid rice and 5-6 seedlings per hole for regular rice. The basic seedlings per mu reach 5-60000 and 10-120000 respectively. For three-cropping fields, the planting density should be increased. The seedling age is generally not more than 35 days, and more than 25000 holes per mu should be planted.