Agricultural "three subsidies" reform launched this year

Abstract:

A variety of food, more benefit

Recently, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Notice on Comprehensively Launching the Reform of the" Three Subsidies "in Agriculture", combining direct subsidies for grain farmers, subsidies for improved crop varieties, and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials into agricultural support and protection subsidies. Focusing on issues related to the reform of the agricultural subsidy policy, the reporter interviewed relevant persons in charge of the two departments.

Why change?

 

Agriculture“Three subsidies”The effect of policy is diminishing, and there is an urgent need to enhance the precision of policy.

 

Relevant persons in charge of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture stated that agricultural subsidies are an important part of the national policy of strengthening farmers and benefiting farmers and rich farmers. Since 2004, the state has successively implemented subsidies for improved crop varieties, direct subsidies for grain farmers, and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials. Subsidy policy (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "three subsidies" for agriculture). This has played a positive role in promoting grain production, increasing farmers' income and promoting agricultural and rural development.

 

However, with the profound changes in the situation of agricultural and rural development, the effect of the agricultural "three subsidies" policy is decreasing, and the policy efficiency is gradually reduced, which urgently needs to be adjusted and improved. With the approval of the State Council, last year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture launched a pilot work to adjust and improve the agricultural "three subsidies" policy, merging the three subsidies into one, and supporting the protection of cultivated land and the moderate scale operation of grain. Under the condition that the pilot has achieved remarkable results, it was decided to push forward the reform in an all-round way in 2016.

 

Relevant persons in charge of the two departments stated that to promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, strengthen the ability to ensure food security, and establish a green ecology-oriented agricultural subsidy system, there is an urgent need to adjust and improve the agricultural "three subsidies" policy, and increase the appropriate scale of grain. The support for operation promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.

 

Carrying out the reform of agricultural "three subsidies" policy is also an urgent need to improve the efficiency of agricultural subsidy policy. In most places, the "three subsidies" for agriculture have evolved into income subsidies for farmers. Some farmers can get subsidies even if they do not grow grain or land. However, new business entities such as large grain growers, family farms, and farmer cooperatives that are really engaged in grain production are difficult to get support. The effect of the agricultural "three subsidies" policy on mobilizing the enthusiasm of growing grain and promoting grain production has been greatly reduced. Therefore, the merger of the "three subsidies" into one will improve the directionality, accuracy and effectiveness of the policy, and increase support for moderate scale operation of grain.

 

How about the pilot

 

Farmers' sense of access is enhanced, which supports the moderate scale of grain management.

 

According to reports, in 2015, in order to explore models and sum up experience, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture selected five provinces of Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Sichuan, and Zhejiang to carry out the "three supplements in one" pilot project in accordance with the principles of active and prudent, and at the same time encouraged other provinces According to local reality, the pilot will be carried out independently in accordance with the policies and requirements of the pilot provinces.

 

From the pilot situation, "three to one" to reduce the cost of policy implementation. According to Hunan Province, the original agricultural "three subsidies" needed to be issued more than 20 times before and after the merger, and only once after the merger, which greatly saved time and cost and improved work efficiency. On the other hand, it supports the moderate scale operation of grain. The focus is to support the establishment and improvement of the agricultural credit guarantee system, and to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive loans" for new business entities. As of the end of April 2016, 13 provincial agricultural credit guarantee institutions have been listed for operation.

 

A third-party evaluation by the China Rural Policy Research Center of China Agricultural University shows that after the "three supplements in one", the phenomenon of arable land abandonment has been reduced, farmers' sense of gain has been enhanced, and the cost of policy implementation has been greatly reduced. According to the survey data of 309 farmers in 10 counties, 20 administrative villages and 5 pilot provinces, 94% of the farmers said they accepted the "three subsidies" reform, and the funds were distributed at one time, which improved the policy satisfaction.

 

Specific how to change

 

Adjustment of policy objectives to support the protection of arable land and the appropriate scale of grain management.

 

According to reports, in 2016, the "three subsidies" for agriculture will be merged into subsidies for agricultural support and protection, and the policy objectives will be adjusted to support the protection of cultivated land and the moderate scale operation of grain.

 

One is to support the protection of cultivated land. In principle, the object of subsidy is the farmers who have the right to contract cultivated land. We should encourage all localities to innovate ways and methods, take green ecology as the guidance, improve the comprehensive utilization level of crop straw, guide farmers to take comprehensive measures such as returning straw to the field, subsoiling and soil preparation, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and applying organic fertilizers, so as to effectively strengthen the protection of agricultural ecological resources and consciously improve the fertility of cultivated land.

 

The second is to support the appropriate scale of grain operation. The focus of support is on new business entities such as large grain growers, family farms, farmer cooperatives, and agricultural socialized service organizations, reflecting that "whoever has a variety of food will give priority to support". In recent years, the focus of support is to establish and improve the agricultural credit guarantee system, and promote the substantial operation of the guarantee business as soon as possible, so as to effectively alleviate the problem of "difficult and expensive financing" in agricultural production.

 

Relevant persons in charge of the two departments believe that through the reform of the "three subsidies" in agriculture, multiple positive effects will be exerted.

 

It is conducive to improving the directivity, accuracy and effectiveness of the subsidy policy. Linking subsidies with the protection of cultivated land can mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to protect cultivated land and improve soil fertility; through unified fund review and distribution procedures, work links can be reduced, the burden on the grassroots can be reduced, time and cost can be saved, and work efficiency can be improved.

 

It is conducive to promoting the appropriate scale of grain management. Through policy guidance, we should speed up the cultivation of new business entities, cultivate new professional farmers, and encourage various forms of grain moderate scale operation, which is conducive to promoting agricultural production to enter a new stage of large-scale, industrialization and socialization development, which is in line with the development direction of modern agriculture.

 

It is conducive to accelerating the development of rural finance. By adjusting some funds to support the establishment and improvement of the agricultural credit guarantee system, emphasizing its policy, independence and concentration, we can leverage financial and social capital to support the development of modern agriculture and effectively alleviate the problem of insufficient funds for agricultural and rural development.

 

The Ministry of Finance strives to build an agricultural credit guarantee system covering the whole country in three years, and strive to solve the "growing troubles" of new business entities by strengthening the cooperation mechanism between banks and guarantors ".

 

How to Grant

 

“One card (fold) pass”Direct cash to farmers

 

After the adjustment, what farmers are most concerned about is what are the requirements for the reformed subsidy objects, standards, and the time and method of subsidy distribution?

 

The person in charge of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture stated that in principle, the object of subsidies for the protection of cultivated land is farmers who have the right to contract cultivated land. For cultivated land that has been used as animal husbandry farms, such as cultivated land, woodland, and plots of grain fields converted to facility agricultural land, non-agricultural expropriation (occupied) cultivated land, and other cultivated land that has been used as livestock farms, as well as abandoned land for many years, and the "supplementary" in the balance of occupation and compensation No subsidies will be given to cultivated land whose area and quality cannot meet the farming conditions.

 

The central government's agricultural support and protection subsidy funds are calculated and cut into provinces according to factors such as arable land area, grain output, and moderate scale operation and development, and each province determines the subsidy object, subsidy method and subsidy standard in combination with local reality. The basis for subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility can be the area of second-round contracted cultivated land, the area of taxed cultivated land, the area of confirmed cultivated land or the area of grain cultivation, etc. The specific type of area or types of area shall be determined by the provincial people's government in combination with the local actual situation. The subsidy standard is determined by the local government according to the total amount of subsidy funds and the determined subsidy basis.

 

The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture require all localities to strive to distribute the subsidy funds cashed into the hands of farmers before June 30. Subsidies for the protection of cultivated land will be cashed directly to farmers in the form of "one card (discount) pass. At the same time, the two departments will strengthen supervision and supervision to ensure that the policy is implemented. Fraud, arbitrage, embezzlement, misappropriation, misappropriation of agricultural support and protection subsidy funds, or illegal distribution of subsidy funds, will be dealt with seriously in accordance with the law.